- Climate system models (PDE + stochastic processes)
- Atmospheric chemistry interactions
- Energy grid modelling (load, stability, transient physics)
- Simulation of market behaviour with physics-based models
- Integration with AI/quantum forecasting
Mathematical content:
- Advection–diffusion equations
- Stochastic volatility models
- Coupled climate–energy PDE systems
- Grid stability eigenvalue analysis
Scientific Value: integrate physics, energy, and finance for forecasting and resilience.